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爆紅的NFT區塊鏈藝術是何方神聖？

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隨著比特幣和乙太坊等數位加密貨幣價格的上漲，NFT今年大受歡迎。NFT是一種數位資產，旨在使用區塊鏈技術追蹤特定虛擬物品（如藝術品或體育交易卡）的所有權。去年，NFT交易的總價值增長了3倍，達到2.5億美元。而僅在過去一個月，NFT的總銷售額就超過了2.2億美元。

美國邁阿密藝術收藏家羅德里格斯福瑞爾（Pablo Rodriguez-Fraile）去年10月以近6萬7000美元代價，買下數字藝術家Beeple的一件影片作品。這支10秒鐘影片可以在網路上免費觀看，但他為何花錢買下？一件由區塊鏈鑒證的10秒鐘影片藝術品，短短5個月內價格飆漲百倍，逼近新臺幣2億元，反映「不可替代代幣」（non-fungible token，NFT）這種新型數字資產的火熱程度。

英國塗鴉藝術家班克西（Banksy）價值9.5萬美元的版畫《傻瓜》（Morons）不久前被燒毀，轉成NFT，以38萬美元售出。NFT可買賣、交易，無實體，可視為虛擬或實體資產的擁有權證明書。

NFT領域之所以能吸引投資者的關注，也容易理解。原因是這件作品由區塊鏈鑒定認證，也就是以區塊鏈為數位簽章，來確認誰擁有這件作品及作品的真偽。區塊鏈技術不像傳統上在網路可以無限複製的數位物件，能夠公開認證為獨一無二的物品。這種新型數字資產形式稱為不可替代代幣（NFT），因為具有獨一無二的特質，所以也稱為非同質化代幣，對比「能替代的」資產如美元、股票或金條。

當前，這個市場正在迅速增長，一些數字收藏品的售價高達數百萬美元。與此同時，比特幣和乙太坊等數位加密貨幣也出現反彈。隨著NFT的爆火，相應的安全問題也隨之浮於表面。在最熱門的交易平臺之一 Nifty Gateway 上，陸續有多位使用者傳出帳戶被盜用消息。駭客利用這個帳號下單交易價值上萬美元的商品後，再將獲利轉移到其他電子錢包，目前損失最嚴重的一位用戶，聲稱他有 15 件 NFT 商品被盜走轉賣，估值約 15 萬美元。除了數位資產被變賣，這些使用者的信用卡資訊也都被竊走，損失慘重。共計在 Nifty Gateway 平臺上已有多名使用者帳戶被盜用，估計損失 20 萬美元。

雖然這些受害者都表示他們被駭客入侵，但是 Nifty Gateway 平臺官方回應表示，他們接獲消息後，確實發現有這些交易行為，但是網站系統卻沒有任何被入侵的跡象，經查證後發現，這些被盜用戶，都沒有採用兩階段認證。

NFT在爆火的同時也得到爭議，批評人士認為，這是另一種神秘的時尚，最終將逐漸變得無關緊要。也有人擔心潛在的市場操縱，類似于傳統藝術界的情況。與此同時，環保人士對NFT市場所需的能源也感到震驚。

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